Taking the 'Defect' Out of Tree Risk-Benefit Management and Assessment, has been updated. It's been published in the NZ Arb's 2022 Spring edition.

Here's the introduction to whet your appetite.
"We’ve grown up being told that when we assess tree risk we should be looking out for tree ‘defects’. The problem with this approach is what we're commonly labelled as defects often aren’t defects at all."